MCQs on Gandhian ERA MCQ pedia

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What was the full name of Mahatma Gandhi?

Mohan Das Karam Chand Gandhi
Mahatma Karam Chand Gandhi
Mohandas Devdas Gandhi
Mohanlal Karamchand Gandhi

Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi’s full name was Mohan Das Karam Chand Gandhi, born on 2 October 1869 in Porbandar, Gujarat.

Who was the adopted son of Mahatma Gandhi?

Jamnalal Bajaj
Harilal
Devdas
Ramdas

Explanation: While Gandhi had 4 biological sons (Harilal, Manilal, Ramdas, Devdas), Jamnalal Bajaj was considered his adopted son.

Who was the political teacher (mentor) of Mahatma Gandhi?

Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Dadabhai Naoroji
Lala Lajpat Rai

Explanation: Gopal Krishna Gokhale was the political teacher of Gandhi (and also the mentor of MA Jinnah).

By what name was Gandhi’s female student, Madeleine Slade, known?

Miraben
Sister Nivedita
Annie Besant
Kasturba

Explanation: Madeleine Slade, who was born in London, was a female student of Gandhi and was known as Miraben.

In 1893, Mahatma Gandhi went to South Africa to fight the case of a person named:

Abdullah
Dada Amir
Hassan
Rustamji

Explanation: In 1893, Gandhi went to South Africa to fight the legal case of a person named Abdullah.

Which organization was founded by Gandhiji in South Africa in 1894 to fight against racial discrimination?

Natal Congress
Transvaal Association
Pretoria Committee
African National Congress

Explanation: In 1894, Gandhi founded the Natal Congress in South Africa to fight against racial discrimination.

Which Ashram was established by Gandhi in Durban, South Africa in 1894?

Phoenix Ashram
Tolstoy Farm
Sabarmati Ashram
Kochrab Ashram

Explanation: In 1894, he established the Phoenix Ashram in Durban, South Africa.

In which year did Mahatma Gandhi first attend a session of the Indian National Congress at Calcutta?

1901
1915
1906
1916

Explanation: In 1901, Gandhi attended the Session of Congress at Calcutta, which was his 1st presence at a Congress Session.

Where was “Satyagraha” used for the first time by Mahatma Gandhi in 1906?

South Africa
Champaran
Kheda
Ahmedabad

Explanation: In 1906, Satyagraha was used for the 1st time by Gandhi in South Africa.

In 1910, which Ashram did Gandhi found in Johannesburg, South Africa?

Tolstoy Farm
Phoenix Ashram
Kochrab Ashram
Wardha Ashram

Explanation: He founded Tolstoy Farm (Ashram) in Johannesburg, South Africa in 1910.

On which exact date did Gandhi return to India forever, a day now celebrated as Non-Resident Indian Day (Pravasi Bhartiya Diwas)?

9 January 1915
12 March 1930
30 January 1948
2 October 1914

Explanation: On 9 January 1915, at the age of 46, Gandhiji returned to India forever. This day is celebrated as Non Resident Indian Day.

Which was the first Ashram established by Gandhi in India (1915)?

Kochrab Ashram
Sabarmati Ashram
Sevagram Ashram
Tolstoy Ashram

Explanation: Upon returning, he founded the first Ashram in India in Kochrab in 1915. It was later shifted to Sabarmati in 1917.

Who gave the title “Kaiser-e-Hind” to Mahatma Gandhi for his services in the Boer War?

Hardinge II
Lord Mountbatten
Winston Churchill
Lord Irwin

Explanation: In 1915, the “Kaiser-e-Hind” title was given to Mahatma Gandhi by Britishers (Hardinge II) for his services in the Boer War (1899-1902).

In 1924, Mahatma Gandhi presided over which session of the Indian National Congress (INC)?

Belgaum session
Calcutta session
Lahore session
Tripuri session

Explanation: In 1924, Mahatma Gandhi presided over the Belgaum session of INC in Karnataka.

Which organization was established by Gandhiji in 1925?

All India Spinners Association
All India Khadi Association
Harijan Sevak Sangh
Swaraj Party

Explanation: In 1925, Gandhiji established “All India Spinners Association” i.e Akhil Bharat Charkha Sangh. (Khadi Association was in 1923).

Which famous scientist was inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s idea of non-violence?

Albert Einstein
Isaac Newton
Thomas Edison
Stephen Hawking

Explanation: The famous scientist Albert Einstein was inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s idea of non-violence.

Whom did Gandhi call “Ajatashatru” (meaning: he who has no enemies)?

Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Jawaharlal Nehru
Sardar Patel
Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Explanation: Gandhiji called Dr. Rajendra Prasad as Ajatashatru, meaning “he who has no enemies.”

To whom did Gandhi give the title of “Bharat Kokila” (Nightingale of India)?

Sarojini Naidu
Annie Besant
Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay
Aruna Asaf Ali

Explanation: Gandhiji gave the title of Bharat Kokila (Nightingale of India) to Sarojini Naidu, who later became the 1st woman Governor of an Indian state (UP).

Who was the Indian revolutionary fondly called “Gandhi Buri” (Old Lady Gandhi)?

Matangini Hazra
Kasturba Gandhi
Bhikaji Cama
Sucheta Kriplani

Explanation: Matangini Hazra was an Indian revolutionary who was fondly called Gandhi Buri (Old Lady Gandhi).

Who gave the title “Rashtrapita” (Father of the Nation) to Gandhi in 1944?

Subhas Chandra Bose
Rabindranath Tagore
Jawaharlal Nehru
Winston Churchill

Explanation: The title Rashtrapita / Father of the Nation was given by Subhas Chandra Bose in 1944.

Who gave the title “Bapu” to Mahatma Gandhi?

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Rabindranath Tagore
Subhas Chandra Bose

Explanation: The title “Bapu” was given to him by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.

Who gave the title “Mahatma” to Gandhi?

Rabindranath Tagore
Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Subhas Chandra Bose
Lord Mountbatten

Explanation: The title “Mahatma” was given to him by Rabindranath Tagore.

Who called Gandhi the “One-Man Boundary Wall”?

Lord Mountbatten
Winston Churchill
Lord Hardinge
Lord Irwin

Explanation: The title “One-Man Boundary Wall” was given to Gandhiji by Lord Mountbatten.

Who referred to Gandhi as “Adhananga” or “Half Naked Fakir” in 1931?

Winston Churchill
Lord Mountbatten
General Dyer
Lord Linlithgow

Explanation: The title Adhananga / “Half Naked Fakir” was given by Winston Churchill in 1931.

In which language was Gandhi’s autobiography originally written?

Gujarati
English
Hindi
Marathi

Explanation: The original Autobiography of Gandhi (‘My Experiment with Truth’) was written in Gujarati language with the name ‘Sathya na Prayogo’.

Who translated Gandhi’s autobiography, ‘My Experiment with Truth’, into English?

Mahadev Desai
Romain Rolland
Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Jawaharlal Nehru

Explanation: Written in 1922 while he was in jail, it was translated into English by Mahadev Desai.

Which of the following newspapers was published by Gandhi in South Africa?

Indian Opinion
Young India
Navjivan
Harijan

Explanation: ‘Indian Opinion’ was the newspaper published by Gandhiji in South Africa. He also published Young India, Navjivan & Harijan later.

The biography ‘Mahatma Gandhi’ was written by which French novelist and Nobel Prize winner?

Romain Rolland
Leo Tolstoy
Albert Camus
Victor Hugo

Explanation: The ‘Mahatma Gandhi’ book was written by Romain Rolland, a French novelist and Nobel Prize winner.

Which was the 1st Movement of Gandhi in India (1917)?

Champaran Satyagraha
Kheda Satyagraha
Ahmedabad Mill Strike
Non-Cooperation Movement

Explanation: Champaran Satyagraha in 1917 was the 1st Movement of Gandhiji in India.

Who persuaded Gandhi to visit Champaran to understand the problems of the peasants?

Rajkumar Shukla
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Anusuya Sarabhai

Explanation: Rajkumar Shukla persuaded Gandhiji to visit Champaran to understand the problems of peasants facing the tinkathia system.

The Champaran Satyagraha was launched against which system where peasants were forced to grow indigo on 3/20 part of their land?

Tinkathia system
Ryotwari system
Mahalwari system
Zamindari system

Explanation: European Planters were forcing the peasants to grow indigo on 3/20 part (tinkathia) of the total land.

Who introduced the Champaran Agrarian Law as a result of the Satyagraha?

W. Maude
Lord Irwin
Lord Hardinge
General Dyer

Explanation: Finally, the Champaran Agrarian Law was introduced by W. Maude in British Legislative Council.

Which movement marked Gandhi’s 1st Hunger strike?

Ahmedabad Mill Majdoor Andolan (1918)
Champaran Satyagraha (1917)
Kheda Satyagraha (1918)
Rowlatt Act Protest (1919)

Explanation: The 1918 Ahmedabad Mill Majdoor Andolan was the 1st Hunger strike led by Gandhiji.

Who requested Gandhi to negotiate with Mill Owners on behalf of workers during the Ahmedabad Mill Strike?

Anusuya Sarabhai
Sarojini Naidu
Kasturba Gandhi
Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay

Explanation: Anusuya Sarabhai, the president of the Ahmedabad Mill Owners Association, requested Gandhiji to negotiate on behalf of workers.

What was the final outcome of the Ahmedabad Mill strike regarding the wage hike?

35% wage hike
23% wage hike
50% wage hike
15% wage hike

Explanation: This non-violent strike concluded with a 35% wage hike for workers.

The 1918 Kheda Satyagraha was organized because Patidar peasants refused Britishers to accept a tax increase of:

Explanation: Patidar peasants refused Britishers to accept a 23% tax increase imposed on them despite crop failure & outbreak of plague and cholera.

Which movement is considered Gandhi’s 1st Non-Cooperation Movement?

Kheda Satyagraha
Champaran Satyagraha
Ahmedabad Mill Strike
Rowlatt Act Protest

Explanation: The 1918 Kheda Satyagraha was the 1st Non-Cooperation Movement led by Gandhi.

Which leader was instrumental in convincing the farmers in protest against the collection of taxes during the Kheda Satyagraha?

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Rajkumar Shukla
Jawaharlal Nehru
Shaukat Ali

Explanation: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, under Gandhi’s guidance, led the farmers in protest against the collection of taxes in the wake of famine.

Which event marked Gandhi’s first nationwide Satyagraha in India?

Rowlatt Act Protest (1919)
Non-Cooperation Movement (1920)
Quit India Movement (1942)
Salt Satyagraha (1930)

Explanation: In 1919, Gandhiji launched the first nationwide Satyagraha in India against the Rowlatt Act.

The Rowlatt Act of 1919 was heavily protested because it gave the Britishers the power to:

Arrest any person without trial
Increase land tax by 23%
Force peasants to grow indigo
Ban all Indian newspapers

Explanation: The Rowlatt Act gave Britishers the power to arrest any person without trial, sparking the first nationwide protest.

Who was one of the leaders instrumental in convincing Mahatma Gandhi about the need to start a non-cooperation movement in support of The Khilafat?

Shaukat Ali
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Sardar Patel
B.R. Ambedkar

Explanation: Shaukat Ali was one of the leaders who were instrumental in convincing Mahatma Gandhi to support the Khilafat Movement.

The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) was a protest against the Rowlatt Act and which other major event?

Massacre by General O’ Dyer (Jallianwalah Bagh)
Partition of Bengal
Simon Commission
Execution of Bhagat Singh

Explanation: It was a protest against the Jallianwalah Bagh Massacre by General O’ Dyer & the Rowlatt Act.

Why was the Non-Cooperation Movement called off by Gandhiji in 1922?

Due to a violent incident at Chauri-Chaura
Due to the Gandhi-Irwin Pact
Because independence was granted
Due to the Jallianwalah Bagh massacre

Explanation: In 1922, the Non-Cooperation Movement was called off by Gandhiji due to a violent incident at Chauri-Chaura.

On what date did the Civil Disobedience (Salt Satyagraha/Dandi March) start from Sabarmati Ashram?

12 March 1930
30 January 1930
8 August 1942
9 January 1915

Explanation: It was started by Gandhiji from Sabarmati Ashram on 12 March 1930 against the Salt tax imposed by the British.

Which pact ended the initial phase of the Salt Satyagraha in 1931?

Gandhi-Irwin pact
Poona Pact
Lucknow Pact
Shimla Agreement

Explanation: The Salt Satyagraha was ended by the Gandhi-Irwin pact in 1931.

Who persuaded Gandhi to allow women to join the Salt Satyagraha?

Sarojini Naidu & Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay
Kasturba Gandhi & Miraben
Anusuya Sarabhai & Aruna Asaf Ali
Matangini Hazra & Sucheta Kriplani

Explanation: Sarojini Naidu & Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay persuaded Gandhiji to allow women to join this movement.

Who led the Salt Satyagraha from Tamilnadu?

C. Rajagopalachari
K. Kelappan
Gopabandhu Chaudhary
Sardar Patel

Explanation: C. Rajagopalachari led the Salt Satyagraha from Tamilnadu (while K. Kelappan from Malabar & Gopabandhu Chaudhary from Orissa).

The Poona Pact of 1932 was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and B.R. Ambedkar while Gandhi was in which jail?

Yerwada Jail
Cellular Jail
Alipore Jail
Aga Khan Palace

Explanation: In 1932, the Poona Pact was signed with B.R. Ambedkar while Gandhi was in Yerwada Jail.

Who was the first Individual Satyagrahi chosen by Gandhi in 1940?

Acharya Vinoba Bhave
Jawaharlal Nehru
Brahma Dutt
Sardar Patel

Explanation: In the 1940 Individual Satyagraha, Acharya Vinoba Bhave was the first, followed by Jawaharlal Nehru (2nd) and Brahma Dutt (3rd).

During the Quit India Movement of 1942, who hoisted the Indian Flag at Gowalia Tank Maidan, Bombay?

Aruna Asaf Ali
Sarojini Naidu
Matangini Hazra
Kasturba Gandhi

Explanation: During World War II on 8 August 1942 (Quit India Movement), Aruna Asaf Ali (Grand Old Lady) hoisted the Indian Flag at Gowalia Tank Maidan.