MCQs on Science and Technology dec 2025

Explanation: NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) is a joint mission to map the entire globe in 12 days and monitor Earth’s changing ecosystems, ice mass, and biomass.

Explanation: SpaceX launched the Polaris Dawn mission. During this mission, billionaire Jared Isaacman and SpaceX engineer Sarah Gillis conducted the first-ever commercial spacewalk.

Explanation: El Capitan, located at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the USA, recently topped the TOP500 list as the fastest supercomputer in the world.

Explanation: The BioE3 policy aims to foster high-performance biomanufacturing in India, transitioning from chemical-based industries to sustainable bio-based industries.

Explanation: Bhashini is an AI-led language translation platform aiming to break language barriers and provide digital services and internet access in native Indian languages.

Explanation: Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla was selected as the prime astronaut for the Indo-US collaborative Axiom-4 mission to the ISS.

Explanation: The Europa Clipper is a NASA interplanetary mission launched to study Jupiter’s moon Europa, which is believed to have a massive subsurface ocean that could harbor life.

Explanation: Agnikul Cosmos successfully launched the Agnibaan SOrTeD sub-orbital tech demonstrator, featuring the world’s first single-piece 3D-printed semi-cryogenic engine.

Explanation: The European Parliament approved the EU AI Act, establishing the world’s first comprehensive, risk-based legal framework for regulating artificial intelligence.

Explanation: Kyoto University and Sumitomo Forestry in Japan developed and launched LignoSat, an experimental wooden satellite designed to burn up completely upon atmospheric re-entry.

Explanation: AIRAWAT is an AI-focused supercomputer installed at C-DAC Pune, which recently ranked among the top supercomputers globally.

Explanation: ‘Kavach’ is an indigenous Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system developed by RDSO to prevent train collisions by automatically applying brakes if the pilot fails to do so.

Explanation: The Indian government has approved the development of the Bharatiya Antariksha Station (BAS), with the first module expected to be launched by 2028 and fully operational by 2035.

Explanation: XPoSat (X-ray Polarimeter Satellite) is India’s first dedicated polarimetry mission to study the dynamics of bright astronomical X-ray sources in extreme conditions.

Explanation: Proba-3 is an ESA mission consisting of two satellites flying in precision formation to study the Sun’s corona. It was scheduled for launch via ISRO’s PSLV.

Explanation: Project Kuiper is Amazon’s initiative to launch a constellation of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites to provide fast, affordable broadband internet globally.

Explanation: Elon Musk announced that Neuralink’s first product is called ‘Telepathy’, allowing users, particularly those with paralysis, to control devices using their thoughts.

Explanation: Developed by Oxford University and manufactured by the Serum Institute of India, R21/Matrix-M is a highly effective, low-cost vaccine approved to combat Malaria.

Explanation: Sora is a text-to-video AI model created by OpenAI that can generate complex scenes with multiple characters and accurate physical dynamics.

Explanation: Three PARAM Rudra supercomputers, developed indigenously under the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM), were dedicated to scientific research institutions.

Explanation: Intuitive Machines’ ‘Odysseus’ lander successfully touched down near the lunar south pole, becoming the first private spacecraft to land on the Moon.

Explanation: Bhavish Aggarwal’s Ola launched Krutrim, an AI startup that quickly reached unicorn status. It focuses on building LLMs tailored for Indian languages.

Explanation: China’s Chang’e-6 mission made history by successfully retrieving and bringing back samples from the biologically unexplored far side of the Moon.

Explanation: NexCAR19 is India’s first homegrown CAR-T cell therapy, developed by ImmunoACT in collaboration with IIT Bombay and Tata Memorial Hospital, to treat B-cell lymphomas.

Explanation: ISRO named its Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) ‘Pushpak’. It successfully underwent autonomous runway landing experiments to master re-entry technologies.

Explanation: Bhuvan is a web-based utility provided by ISRO that allows users to explore 2D/3D representations of the surface of the Earth, specifically focused on India.

Explanation: The ESA launched the ‘Hera’ mission to survey the Didymos binary asteroid system and analyze the aftermath of NASA’s DART kinetic impact on the moonlet Dimorphos.

Explanation: Matsya 6000 is an indigenous manned submersible being developed by NIOT under the Samudrayaan mission to carry three humans to a depth of 6,000 meters.

Explanation: INSAT-3DS is a meteorological satellite designed to provide advanced weather forecasting, disaster warning, and tracking of cyclones.

Explanation: The Shidaowan High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) in China is the world’s first commercial 4th-generation nuclear power plant to become operational.

Explanation: Google introduced Gemini, its most capable and general multimodal AI model, designed to process and understand text, images, audio, and code simultaneously.

Explanation: Sarvam AI, an Indian startup, launched OpenHathi, the first open-source Hindi large language model (LLM) aimed at democratizing AI for Indian languages.

Explanation: The ESA’s Zero Debris Charter is a global initiative aiming to eliminate the creation of new space debris by 2030 and promote sustainable space operations.

Explanation: The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully flight-tested the Agni-Prime, a new generation advanced variant of the Agni class of missiles.

Explanation: The mission aims to establish India as a leading global hub for the manufacturing and export of Green Hydrogen and its derivatives, reducing carbon emissions.

Explanation: ISRO successfully executed the TV-D1 mission to demonstrate the Crew Escape System’s performance, a crucial safety feature for the manned Gaganyaan mission.

Explanation: ‘Shakti’ is a series of open-source microprocessors developed by IIT Madras, reducing reliance on imported computer chips for defense and strategic sectors.

Explanation: The WHO declared an end to the Mpox PHEIC initially, but the emergence of the deadlier Clade Ib variant in Africa prompted renewed global health alerts.

Explanation: Reliance Jio, in collaboration with IIT Bombay and other premier institutions, is developing the ‘BharatGPT’ initiative to create large language models suited for India.

Explanation: Zorawar is an indigenous light tank designed for high-altitude operations (like in Eastern Ladakh), jointly developed by DRDO and Larsen & Toubro.